Apparatus and method to debug a voltage regulator

ABSTRACT

Described is an apparatus which comprises: a first voltage regulator (VR) having a reference input node; and a first multiplexer to provide a reference voltage to the reference input node and operable to select one of at least two different reference voltages as the reference voltage.

CLAIM OF PRIORITY

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/335,066, filed Jul. 18, 2014, titled “APPARATUS AND METHOD TO DEBUG AVOLTAGE REGULATOR”, which issues as U.S. Pat. No. 9,784,791 on Oct. 10,2017 of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety forall purposes.

BACKGROUND

A standalone voltage regulator (VR) processor (which is an off-die VRused to provide regulated supply voltage to one or more processors) canbe debugged using external pins of the VR processor. However, when a VRis incorporated into a general processor (i.e., on-die VR) or aSystem-on-Chip (SoC), debugging that VR becomes challenging. Forexample, having dedicated pins on the SoC for monitoring variouscharacteristics of the VR is expensive. Furthermore, when the generalprocessor or SoC has multiple on-die VRs, then debugging those on-dieVRs becomes even more challenging.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The embodiments of the disclosure will be understood more fully from thedetailed description given below and from the accompanying drawings ofvarious embodiments of the disclosure, which, however, should not betaken to limit the disclosure to the specific embodiments, but are forexplanation and understanding only.

FIG. 1 illustrates a high-level system of a System-on-Chip (SoC) with anapparatus to debug one or more voltage regulators (VRs) in the SoC,according to some embodiments of the disclosure.

FIG. 2 illustrates an apparatus for debugging one or more VRs, accordingto some embodiments of the disclosure.

FIG. 3 illustrates an apparatus for fuse overriding to debug a VR,according to some embodiments of the disclosure.

FIG. 4 illustrates an apparatus for controlling flow of a finite statemachine (FSM) for debugging a VR, according to some embodiments of thedisclosure.

FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of various methods for debugging one ormore VRs, according to some embodiments of the disclosure.

FIG. 6 illustrates a smart device or a computer system or a SoC withapparatus for debugging one or more VRs, according to some embodimentsof the disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

On-die VRs have several benefits over off-die VRs. For example, on-dieVRs provide lower level congestion for power rails with lower currentrequirements than off-die VRs. On-Die VRs also provide shorter responsetimes when powering up or down compared to off-die VRs. Response timesfor powering up or down off-die VRs are generally based on powermanagement integrated circuits (ICs) which add to the entry-exit latencybecause of communication between off-die ICs and the off-die VR. Onereason for the on-die VRs to exhibit shorter response times, and thusbetter overall power performance, is that the entry-exit latencies foron-die VRs are reduced compared to the entry-exit latencies of off-dieVRs. However, debugging each on-die VR by providing separate pins iscost prohibitive especially when the number of on-die VRs is many (e.g.,30 or even more). Some embodiments describe the apparatus for debuggingone or more on-die VRs that provide regulated power supplies to one ormore loads.

In some embodiments, shared pins of the processor are used fordebugging, testing, or characterizing the one or more on-die VRs. Insome embodiments, an analog multiplexer (or tri-state-able multiplexer)is used to monitor the output voltage of any of the one or more on-dieVRs. In some embodiments, a digital multiplexer is used to monitordigital signals of any of the one or more on-die VRs. In someembodiments, fuse signals to the one or more on-die VRs is overridden byan apparatus for determining optimized trim settings for the one or moreon-die VRs. In some embodiments, the fuses can be programmed accordingto the determined optimized trim settings. In some embodiments, thefinite state machine (FSM) associated with the one or more on-die VRs isdebugged with an apparatus by overriding the clock signal to the FSMwith a signal having controlled edge transitions. In some embodiments,an apparatus is provided to adjust reference voltage to the on-die VR todetermine the requisite output voltage level for that on-die VR.

While the embodiments are described with reference to an on-die VRimplemented as a low-dropout (LDO) VR, any type of VR may be used withthe embodiments to debug that on-die VR. For example, the apparatus fordebugging the on-die VR can be used for debugging an all digital LDO(DLDO) VR, an all analog LDO VR, a mixed-signal LDO VR, a DC-DCconverter, a buck converter, a boost converter, etc.

In the following description, numerous details are discussed to providea more thorough explanation of embodiments of the present disclosure. Itwill be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that embodimentsof the present disclosure may be practiced without these specificdetails. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shownin block diagram form, rather than in detail, in order to avoidobscuring embodiments of the present disclosure.

Note that in the corresponding drawings of the embodiments, signals arerepresented with lines. Some lines may be thicker, to indicate moreconstituent signal paths, and/or have arrows at one or more ends, toindicate primary information flow direction. Such indications are notintended to be limiting. Rather, the lines are used in connection withone or more exemplary embodiments to facilitate easier understanding ofa circuit or a logical unit. Any represented signal, as dictated bydesign needs or preferences, may actually comprise one or more signalsthat may travel in either direction and may be implemented with anysuitable type of signal scheme.

Throughout the specification, and in the claims, the term “connected”means a direct electrical connection between the things that areconnected, without any intermediary devices. The term “coupled” meanseither a direct electrical connection between the things that areconnected or an indirect connection through one or more passive oractive intermediary devices. The term “circuit” means one or morepassive and/or active components that are arranged to cooperate with oneanother to provide a desired function. The term “signal” means at leastone current signal, voltage signal or data/clock signal. The meaning of“a,” “an,” and “the” include plural references. The meaning of “in”includes “in” and “on.”

The term “scaling” generally refers to converting a design (schematicand layout) from one process technology to another process technologyand subsequently being reduced in layout area. The term “scaling”generally also refers to downsizing layout and devices within the sametechnology node. The term “scaling” may also refer to adjusting (e.g.,slowing down or speeding up—i.e. scaling down, or scaling uprespectively) of a signal frequency relative to another parameter, forexample, power supply level. The terms “substantially,” “close,”“approximately,” “near,” and “about,” generally refer to being within+/−20% of a target value.

Unless otherwise specified the use of the ordinal adjectives “first,”“second,” and “third,” etc., to describe a common object, merelyindicate that different instances of like objects are being referred to,and are not intended to imply that the objects so described must be in agiven sequence, either temporally, spatially, in ranking or in any othermanner.

For purposes of the embodiments, the transistors are metal oxidesemiconductor (MOS) transistors, which include drain, source, gate, andbulk terminals. The transistors also include Tri-Gate and FinFETtransistors, Gate All Around Cylindrical Transistors, Tunneling FET(TFET), Square Wire, or Rectangular Ribbon Transistors or other devicesimplementing transistor functionality like carbon nano tubes orspintronic devices. MOSFET symmetrical source and drain terminals i.e.,are identical terminals and are interchangeably used here. A TFETdevice, on the other hand, has asymmetric Source and Drain terminals.Those skilled in the art will appreciate that other transistors, forexample, Bi-polar junction transistors—BJT PNP/NPN, BiCMOS, CMOS, eFET,etc., may be used without departing from the scope of the disclosure.The term “MN” indicates an n-type transistor (e.g., NMOS, NPN BJT, etc.)and the term “MP” indicates a p-type transistor (e.g., PMOS, PNP BJT,etc.).

FIG. 1 illustrates a high-level system 100 of a SoC with an apparatus todebug one or more VRs in the SoC, according to some embodiments of thedisclosure. In some embodiments, system 100 comprises SoC 101 and PowerManagement Integrated Circuit (PMIC) 102. In some embodiments, SoC 101comprises Power Management Unit (PMU) 105 and apparatus for debuggingone or more VRs (e.g., VR1-VR4) including design-for-test (DFT) circuitsassociated with each VR (e.g., DFT1-DFT4), Analog Monitor 103, DigitalMonitor 104, and Logic 106. In some embodiments, DFT circuits (e.g.,DFT1-DFT4) associated with each VR include multiplexers and logic forproviding alternate signals to various components of the VR, and controllogic for controlling those multiplexers and their inputs. Someembodiments of the DFT circuits and the VR circuits are described withreference to FIGS. 2-4.

Referring back to FIG. 1, in some embodiments, each on-die VR of the oneor more VRs provides corresponding regulated power supply to its load.For example, VR1 provides Vdd1 power supply to the Memory of SoC 101, VR2 provides Vdd2 power supply to the Processor Core of SoC 101, VR3provides Vdd3 power supply to the Thermal Sensor of SoC 101, and VR4provides Vdd4 power supply to the Graphics Core, where the power supplylevel of each Vdd may be different from one another according to therequirements of its respective loads.

Here, Memory, Processor Core, Thermal Sensor, and Graphics Core areillustrated as example loads. However, some embodiments for debuggingone or more VRs (e.g., VR1-VR4) are applicable to any type of loadingconditions. While the one or more VRs are described with reference tofour VRs (i.e., VR1-Vr4), the embodiments for debugging the VRs isapplicable to any number of VRs.

In some embodiments, PMIC 102 provides input power supply Vin to the oneor more VRs and also Configuration Signals to PMU 105. In someembodiments, PMU 105 provides Control Signals for controlling/settingvarious attributes of the one or more VRs. Examples of the ControlSignals include signals to enable the one or more VRs, signals to changeoperation mode (e.g., normal mode, bypass mode, debug mode, etc.) of theone or more VRs, frequency of the clock signals to the one or more VRs,etc.

In some embodiments, Analog Monitor 103 receives analog inputs (e.g., VRoutputs, reference voltages, etc.) from each VR, and provides thecapability to monitor any of those analog inputs as output of AnalogMonitor 103. In some embodiments, output of Analog Monitor 103 isviewable on a pin (e.g., pin 1) of SoC 101. In some embodiments, pin 1may be coupled to another apparatus (e.g., oscilloscope or voltmeter) todetermine the signal attributes of the signal on pin 1. In someembodiments, Digital Monitor 104 receives digital signals from each VRand provides the capability to monitor any of those Digital Signals asoutput of Digital Monitor 104.

In some embodiments, the output of Digital Monitor 104 is multiplexedwith other DFT outputs of SoC 101 and made visible to testers. In someembodiments, the output of Digital Monitor 104 is received by Logic 106(e.g., buffers, multiplexers, etc.) and provided as output to one ormore pins (e.g., pin(s) 2). In some embodiments, pin(s) 2 may be coupledto another apparatus (e.g., oscilloscope, voltmeter, logic analyzer,etc.) to determine the signal attributes of the signal(s) on pin(s) 2.

FIG. 2 illustrates a circuit 200 with an apparatus for debugging the oneor more VRs, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. It ispointed out that those elements of FIG. 2 having the same referencenumbers (or names) as the elements of any other figure can operate orfunction in any manner similar to that described, but are not limited tosuch. So as not to obscure the embodiments, in this example, a single VRis shown with associated DFT circuits. Other VRs may have identical DFTcircuits or different DFT circuits to provide knobs for debugging the VRand associated logic.

In some embodiments, circuit 200 comprises comparator or amplifier 201,multiplexers 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, and 208; FSM 209, Decoder210, comparator 211, n-type transistor MN1, p-type transistors MP1, MP2,and MP3; and resistors R1 and R2. Here, amplifier 201 along withtransistor MN1 and resistors R1 and R2 form an LDO VR, while FSM 209 andcomparator 211 are the associated logic for controlling the trimmingconditions of the LDO VR. Here, labels for nodes and signals on thosenodes are interchangeably used. For example, CompOut1 refers to theoutput signal of comparator 211 or to the node CompOut1 depending on thecontext of the sentence.

In some embodiments, the LDO VR operates in normal mode when VREn (VRenable signal) is logical low (e.g., 0Vs) which causes transistors MP1and MP2 to turn ON and provide power supplies Vcc1 and Vcc2 tocomparator 201 and transistor MN1, respectively. Amplifier 201 of LDO VRcompares a version of the output Vdd1 (i.e., Vout1 fb) with a referencevoltage Vref1 and controls the driving strength of transistor MN1 usingthe output out1 of amplifier 201 until the voltage on Vout1 fb issubstantially equal to the voltage of Vref1. In some embodiments,resistors R1 and R2 form a voltage divider (that generate Vout1 fbsignal) to provide tuning ability to Vdd1 voltage level by adjustingresistance of resistor R2. In some embodiments, amplifier 201 of LDO VRreceives TrimCode (a digital code) that is used to adjust (i.e., trim)the input offset of amplifier 201 to further adjust the voltage level ofVdd1.

In some embodiments, in normal operation, the TrimCode is generated byFSM 209 which receives the output CompOut1 from comparator 211 todetermine how much voltage level of Vdd1 needs to be adjusted. In normalmode, comparator 211 compares the voltage level of Vout1 fb (received asout2) with the voltage level of Vref1 (received as Vref2) to generatethe output CompOut1 that indicates whether the voltage level of Vout1 fbis above or below the voltage level of Vref1, and based on thatdetermination FSM 209 determines the TrimCode.

In some embodiments, the apparatus for debugging the LDO VR includesp-type transistor MP3 which is operable to bypass the LDO VR byproviding Vcc2 to Vdd1 as power supply to the Load instead of providingthe output from LDO VR (i.e., output from the source terminal oftransistor MN1 is coupled to the node Vdd1 and to resistor R1). In someembodiments, the source terminal of transistor MP3 is coupled to Vcc2,the drain terminal of transistor MP3 is coupled to Vdd1, and the gateterminal of transistor MP3 is coupled to Bypass. In some embodiments,the Bypass signal is provided by PMU 105. In some embodiments, the Vcc2power supply is provided by PMIC 102. In other embodiments, the Vcc2power supply may be an external power supply provided from anothersource. In some embodiments, when the LDO VR is bypassed (i.e., whentransistor MP3 is turned ON), LDO VR is disabled because transistors MP2and MP1 are turned OFF. In some embodiments, transistor MP1 providescontrollable current path from Vcc2 power supply node to transistor MN1while transistor MP2 provides controllable current path from Vcc1 powersupply node to amplifier 201. By having the ability to bypass the LDOVR, a problem (or malfunctioning) LDO VR can be isolated and the Loadcan be powered by the Vcc2 power supply instead of the output of the LDOVR.

In some embodiments, the apparatus for debugging the LDO VR includesmultiplexer 202 which is controllable by the VrefSelect signal. In someembodiments, multiplexer 202 is operable to provide one of severalexternal references as Vref1 to amplifier 201. For example, ExtVrefreference voltage, internally generated IntVref reference voltage, anddesign-for-test (DFT) DFTVref reference voltage are selectable bymultiplexer 202. In some embodiments, IntVref reference voltage isgenerated on-die in SoC 101 by a reference generator (e.g., bandgapreference generator, voltage divider, etc.). In some embodiments,ExtVref reference voltage is generated outside SoC 101 and is providedto SoC 101 using a pin. In some embodiments, DFTVref reference voltageis generated inside SoC 101 or externally outside SoC 101 and can beadjusted to various voltage levels for debugging or characterizing theLDO VR.

In some embodiments, the apparatus for debugging the LDO VR includesmultiplexer 203 (same as Analog Monitor 103) which is controllable bythe VddAnlgSelect signal (i.e., analog select signal). In someembodiments, multiplexer 203 is a tri-state-able multiplexer that allowsone of the inputs Vdd1-VddN (where, ‘N’ is an integer) to be selectedfor output on node AnlgOut and the others to be tri-stated, where Vdd2is output of another LDO VR, and so on. In some embodiments, multiplexer203 allows for analog signal monitoring of any of the LDO VRs in SoC101.

In some embodiments, multiplexer 203 is implemented with pass-gates toallow one of the analog signals Vdd1-VddN to pass through as output. Insome embodiments, multiplexer 203 provides visibility to the analogsignals on node AnlgOut which may be coupled to pin 1 for externalobservation. Here, multiplexer provides the ability to monitor analogsignals. For example, when the voltage level of Vref1 is adjusted, thevoltage level of Vdd1 changes, and this change can be monitored usingmultiplexer 203 by selecting Vdd1 for observation on node AnlgOut.

In some embodiments, instead of multiplexer 203, analog signals (e.g.,Vdd1-VddN) are monitored by wire-ORing the analog nodes to the AnlgOutport (or node). In some embodiments, the analog signal which ismonitored is identified while the other analog signals are tri-stated bydisabling those respective LDO VRs. For example, when Vdd1 of VR1 is tobe monitored on the AnlgOut port then VREn signals to other LDO VRs(e.g., VR2, VR3, and onwards) are set to disable those LDO VRs while VR1remains enabled.

While the embodiment of FIG. 2 shows multiplexer 203 (or the wire-ORingtechnique) used to monitor the output (e.g., Vdd1, Vdd2, etc.) of LDOVRs, other analog signals (e.g., Voutfb, Vref1, etc) can be monitored ina similar way. In some embodiments, other analog multiplexers are usedin addition to multiplexer 203. In some embodiments, multiplexer 203 isa shared multiplexer which is used in conjunction with other analogmultiplexers to pass through other analog signals to node AnlgOut.

In some embodiments, the apparatus for debugging the LDO VR includesmultiplexer 204 (same as digital monitor 104) which is controllable bythe CompDigSelect signal. Compared to multiplexer 203, multiplexer 204is a digital multiplexer, according to some embodiments. In someembodiments, multiplexer 204 allows one of the inputs CompOut1 toCompOutN (where, ‘N’ is an integer) to be selected for output on nodeDigOut, where CompOut2 is the output of another LDO VR, and so on. Insome embodiments, multiplexer 204 allows for digital signal monitoringof any of the LDO VRs in SoC 101. In some embodiments, multiplexer 204is implemented with pass-gates to allow one of the digital signalsCompOut1-CompOutN to pass through as output.

In some embodiments, multiplexer 204 provides visibility to digitalsignals on the node DigOut which may be coupled to pin(s) 2 for externalobservation. Here, multiplexer 204 provides the ability to monitordigital signals. For example, when the voltage level of Vref1 isadjusted, the trip point for comparator 211 changes. This change in thetrip point can be monitored with multiplexer 204 by selecting CompOut1for observation on the node DigOut. While the embodiment of FIG. 2 showsmultiplexer 204 used to monitor output of comparator 211 (e.g.,CompOut1, CompOut2, etc.) of the LDO VRs, other digital signals (e.g.,internal signals of FSM, etc) can be monitored in a similar way.

In some embodiments, the apparatus for debugging the LDO VR includesmultiplexer 205 which is controllable by the TrimOverrideSelect (i.e.,trim override select bit) signal. With this DFT feature, the TrimCode(trim code) bits from FSM 209 can be overridden by the TrimOverride bits(i.e., bits to override the trim code). The TrimCode bits are used toadjust or cancel the input offset of amplifier 201. The TrimCode bitscan also be used to change other attributes of the LDO VR.

In some embodiments, multiplexer 205 receives the TrimOvCode bits (trimoverride code bits) and the output TrimFSMCode bits (i.e., time codebits) from FSM 209. In some embodiments, the TrimOverride bits aredirectly provided to multiplexer 205. In some embodiments, theTrimOverride bits are fewer bits than the TrimOvCode bits. In someembodiments, Decoder 210 is used to decode the TrimOverride code bits togenerate the TrimOvCode bits. For example, the TrimOverride code bitsmay be a 3 bit binary code which Decoder 210 converts to the TrimOvCodebits which may be a thermometer code. One way to override theTrimFSMCode bits is described with reference to FIG. 3.

FIG. 3 illustrates an apparatus 300 for fuse overriding to debug a VR,according to some embodiments of the disclosure. It is pointed out thatthose elements of FIG. 3 having the same reference numbers (or names) asthe elements of any other figure can operate or function in any mannersimilar to that described, but are not limited to such.

In some embodiments, apparatus 300 comprises Fuse Array 301 and aplurality of multiplexers 302. In some embodiments, instead of using theFuseTrim codes (i.e., trimming code bits) from Fuse Array 301 as theTrimOverride code for initializing the TrimCode bit values for amplifier201, the initial TrimOverride codes are generated independent of theFuseTrim code values. In some embodiments, multiplexer 302 selectspredetermined values for the TrimOverride bits by selecting inputs otherthan the FuseTrim bits (or code). In this example, the configGen signalis used by multiplexer 302 to bypass the FuseTrim code, and to use thepredetermined codes which are logical ‘0 or ‘1. These predeterminedcodes may be generated by simulations prior to fabrication of SoC 101.

In some embodiments, the TrimOverrideSelect bit is set to useTrimOverride codes (i.e., TrimOvCode bits) so that the predeterminedcodes are used for the initial assessment of the LDO VR behavior. Insome embodiments, once the desired attributes for the LDO VR areachieved using the TrimOverride codes, Fuse Array 301 is programmed togenerate the FuseTrim code according to the predetermined codes and theprocess-voltage-temperature (PVT) characterization of the LDO VR. Insome embodiments, Fuse Array 301 is set for each LDO VR according to itsdesired output. Once the FuseTrim code is set and provided as theTrimCode bits for amplifier 201, FSM 209 can begin its normal functionto generate real-time TrimFSMCode bits according to PVT variations ofSoC 101 and provide them as TrimCode bits for amplifier 201.

Referring back to FIG. 2, in some embodiments, inputs to comparator 211can be overridden to characterize comparator 211. In some embodiments,the apparatus for debugging the LDO VR includes multiplexer 206 which iscontrollable by TestModeEn bit (i.e., test mode enable) signal. In someembodiments, to debug comparator 211 and to determine its trip point,TestModeEn bit signal is set to override the Vout1 fb signal and providean analog voltage AnlgVout to the positive terminal of comparator 211(i.e., the node out2 is coupled to the node AnlgVout). In someembodiments, the AnlgVout voltage level may be generated by any knownreference generator (e.g., voltage divider, bandgap reference generator,etc.) and can be adjusted to different voltage levels to characterizecomparator 211. In some embodiments, the output CompOut1 of comparator211 can be monitored using multiplexer 204 to determine the trip pointof comparator 211.

In some embodiments, the apparatus for debugging the LDO VR includesmultiplexer 208 which is controllable by the VREn (i.e., VR enable)signal. In some embodiments, when the LDO VR is disabled or bypassed,the node Vref2 is forced to zero by the VREn signal. Node Vref2 iscoupled to the negative terminal of comparator 211 and is forced to zeroby the VREn signal that selects Vss (i.e., 0V) to couple to the nodeVref2. In normal operation (i.e., when the LDO VR is enabled), the nodeVref2 is coupled to the node Vref1 via multiplexers 207 and 208.

In some embodiments, the apparatus for debugging the LDO VR includesmultiplexer 207 which is controllable by the TestModeEn signal. In someembodiments, when the test mode is enabled, the TestModeEn bit causesmultiplexer 207 to select the DFTVref reference voltage as the Vref2reference voltage (instead of Vref1 reference voltage) for comparator211. By varying the voltage levels of DFTVref and AnlgVout voltagereferences, the trip point of comparator 211 can be characterized.

In some embodiments, the apparatus for debugging the LDO VR includeslogic to control the clock signal of FSM 209. In some embodiments, todebug FSM 209, its clock signal is overridden by known transition edgesthat control when FSM 209 transitions from one state to another state.One such apparatus is described with reference to FIG. 4.

FIG. 4 illustrates an apparatus 400 for controlling the state flow ofFSM 209 for debugging a VR, according to some embodiments of thedisclosure. It is pointed out that those elements of FIG. 4 having thesame reference numbers (or names) as the elements of any other figurecan operate or function in any manner similar to that described, but arenot limited to such.

In some embodiments, apparatus 400 comprises a plurality of registers401 and multiplexer 402. In some embodiments, the FSMClk (FSM clock)output of multiplexer 402 is used to provide a clock signal ortransition edge to FSM 209. In some embodiments, to debug FSM 209,ClkSel (clock select) bit signal selects one of the EdgeClk (transitionedge) signals from one of the registers of the plurality of registers401 as output FSMClk. In some embodiments, by controlling when theEdgeClk transition edge appears, FSM 209 operation is controlled. Insome embodiments, each register in the plurality of registers 401includes an EdgeClk bit with a different transition time. For example,FSM 209 transitions from one state to another state in response to atransition edge of the FSMClk, and that transition from one state toanother state is controlled by selecting one of the EdgeClk signals fromthe plurality of registers 401. In normal operation, the ClkSel signalis set to select the FSMDefaultClk signal (e.g., 19 MHz signal) asFSMClk via multiplexer 402.

In some embodiments, N-bits of FSM data (e.g., 8-bits of internal FSMsignals) along with the FSMDefualtClk clock signal (e.g., 19.2 MHz ofFSM clock or of any other clock frequency) are provided to processordebug apparatus 403, where ‘N’ is an integer. In some embodiments,processor debug apparatus 403 then provides a bus output for externalmonitoring of the N-bits of FSM data with reference to its associatedclock, FSMDefualtClk.

Referring back to FIG. 2, in some embodiments, the apparatus fordebugging the LDO VR includes logic to interface various internal nodes(e.g., internal nodes of FSM 209) carrying digital signals to thegeneral DFT circuits of SoC 101. In some embodiments, a tester hooked toSoC 101 can also monitor the internal nodes of the LDO VR along with theSoC level signals. In some embodiments, the apparatus for debugging theLDO VR also includes logic to stall hardware and/or firmware logic flowswhile allowing debug of the one or more LDO VRs. For example, theapparatus for debugging the LDO VR can pause an operation of a FSM ofPMU 105 to stall a boot flow while allowing any of the LDO VRs to bedebugged irrespective of proper boot up of SoC 101.

FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart 500 of various methods to debug one ormore VRs, according to some embodiments of the disclosure. It is pointedout that those elements of FIG. 5 having the same reference numbers (ornames) as the elements of any other figure can operate or function inany manner similar to that described, but are not limited to such.

Although the blocks in the flowchart 500 with reference to FIG. 5 areshown in a particular order, the order of the actions can be modified.Thus, the illustrated embodiments can be performed in a different order,and some actions/blocks may be performed in parallel. Some of the blocksand/or operations listed in FIG. 5 are optional in accordance withcertain embodiments. The numbering of the blocks presented is for thesake of clarity and is not intended to prescribe an order of operationsin which the various blocks must occur. Additionally, operations fromthe various flows may be utilized in a variety of combinations.

At block 501, SoC 101 operates in normal mode and the LDO VRs operate innormal mode providing their respective output voltages (e.g., Vdd1-VddN)to their respective loads. In some embodiments, these output voltagescan be monitored during normal mode operation or during debug modeoperation using multiplexer 203 as illustrated by block 508. In someembodiments, digital signals (e.g., CompOut1, CompOut2, etc.) of the LDOVRs can be monitored during normal mode operation or during debug modeoperation using multiplexer 204 as illustrated by block 509.

At block 502, SoC 101 enters into debug mode which allows usage ofvarious knobs of the apparatus for debugging the LDO VRs. Some of theseknobs are illustrated by blocks 503, 504, 505, 506, and 507. Forexample, at block 502, FSM 209 can be debugged by overriding theFSMDefaultClk clock as described with reference to FIG. 4. Referringback to FIG. 5, at block 504, Vref1 and/or Vref2 voltage levels can beadjusted for modifying threshold voltage of amplifier 201 and/orcomparator 211. At block 505, Fuse Array 401 is bypassed andpredetermined values for TrimOverride bits are used as TrimCode bits foramplifier 201. At block 506, the LDO VR can be bypassed and Vcc2 powersupply can be provided to the Load. At block 507, the apparatus fordebugging the LDO VR can pause an operation of a FSM of PMU 105 to stalla boot flow while allowing any of the LDO VRs to be debuggedirrespective of proper boot up of SoC 101. Other aspects of thedebugging apparatus described with reference to FIGS. 1-4 can also beincluded in flowchart 500.

FIG. 6 illustrates a smart device or a computer system or a SoC withapparatus for debugging one or more VRs, according to some embodimentsof the disclosure. It is pointed out that those elements of FIG. 6having the same reference numbers (or names) as the elements of anyother figure can operate or function in any manner similar to thatdescribed, but are not limited to such.

FIG. 6 illustrates a block diagram of an embodiment of a mobile devicein which flat surface interface connectors could be used. In someembodiments, computing device 1600 represents a mobile computing device,such as a computing tablet, a mobile phone or smart-phone, awireless-enabled e-reader, or other wireless mobile device. It will beunderstood that certain components are shown generally, and not allcomponents of such a device are shown in computing device 1600.

In some embodiments, computing device 1600 includes a first processor1610 with apparatus for debugging one or more VRs, according to theembodiments discussed. Other blocks of the computing device 1600 mayalso include the apparatus for debugging one or more VRs of theembodiments. The various embodiments of the present disclosure may alsocomprise a network interface within 1670 such as a wireless interface sothat a system embodiment may be incorporated into a wireless device, forexample, cell phone or personal digital assistant.

In some embodiments, processor 1610 (and/or processor 1690) can includeone or more physical devices, such as microprocessors, applicationprocessors, microcontrollers, programmable logic devices, or otherprocessing means. The processing operations performed by processor 1610include the execution of an operating platform or operating system onwhich applications and/or device functions are executed. The processingoperations include operations related to I/O (input/output) with a humanuser or with other devices, operations related to power management,and/or operations related to connecting the computing device 1600 toanother device. The processing operations may also include operationsrelated to audio I/O and/or display M.

In some embodiments, computing device 1600 includes audio subsystem1620, which represents hardware (e.g., audio hardware and audiocircuits) and software (e.g., drivers, codecs) components associatedwith providing audio functions to the computing device. Audio functionscan include speaker and/or headphone output, as well as microphoneinput. Devices for such functions can be integrated into computingdevice 1600, or connected to the computing device 1600. In someembodiments, a user interacts with the computing device 1600 byproviding audio commands that are received and processed by processor1610.

Display subsystem 1630 represents hardware (e.g., display devices) andsoftware (e.g., drivers) components that provide a visual and/or tactiledisplay for a user to interact with the computing device 1600. Displaysubsystem 1630 includes display interface 1632, which includes theparticular screen or hardware device used to provide a display to auser. In some embodiments, display interface 1632 includes logicseparate from processor 1610 to perform at least some processing relatedto the display. In some embodiments, display subsystem 1630 includes atouch screen (or touch pad) device that provides both output and inputto a user.

I/O controller 1640 represents hardware devices and software componentsrelated to interaction with a user. I/O controller 1640 is operable tomanage hardware that is part of audio subsystem 1620 and/or displaysubsystem 1630. Additionally, I/O controller 1640 illustrates aconnection point for additional devices that connect to computing device1600 through which a user might interact with the system. For example,devices that can be attached to the computing device 1600 might includemicrophone devices, speaker or stereo systems, video systems or otherdisplay devices, keyboard or keypad devices, or other I/O devices foruse with specific applications such as card readers or other devices.

As mentioned above, I/O controller 1640 can interact with audiosubsystem 1620 and/or display subsystem 1630. For example, input througha microphone or other audio device can provide input or commands for oneor more applications or functions of the computing device 1600.Additionally, audio output can be provided instead of, or in addition todisplay output. In another example, if display subsystem 1630 includes atouch screen, the display device also acts as an input device, which canbe at least partially managed by I/O controller 1640. There can also beadditional buttons or switches on the computing device 1600 to provideI/O functions managed by I/O controller 1640.

In some embodiments, I/O controller 1640 manages devices such asaccelerometers, cameras, light sensors or other environmental sensors,or other hardware that can be included in the computing device 1600. Theinput can be part of direct user interaction, as well as providingenvironmental input to the system to influence its operations (such asfiltering for noise, adjusting displays for brightness detection,applying a flash for a camera, or other features).

In some embodiments, computing device 1600 includes power management1650 that manages battery power usage, charging of the battery, andfeatures related to power saving operation. Memory subsystem 1660includes memory devices for storing information in computing device1600. Memory can include nonvolatile (state does not change if power tothe memory device is interrupted) and/or volatile (state isindeterminate if power to the memory device is interrupted) memorydevices. Memory subsystem 1660 can store application data, user data,music, photos, documents, or other data, as well as system data (whetherlong-term or temporary) related to the execution of the applications andfunctions of the computing device 1600.

Elements of embodiments are also provided as a machine-readable medium(e.g., memory 1660) for storing the computer-executable instructions(e.g., instructions to implement any other processes discussed herein).The machine-readable medium (e.g., memory 1660) may include, but is notlimited to, flash memory, optical disks, CD-ROMs, DVD ROMs, RAMs,EPROMs, EEPROMs, magnetic or optical cards, phase change memory (PCM),or other types of machine-readable media suitable for storing electronicor computer-executable instructions. For example, embodiments of thedisclosure may be downloaded as a computer program (e.g., BIOS) whichmay be transferred from a remote computer (e.g., a server) to arequesting computer (e.g., a client) by way of data signals via acommunication link (e.g., a modem or network connection).

Connectivity 1670 includes hardware devices (e.g., wireless and/or wiredconnectors and communication hardware) and software components (e.g.,drivers, protocol stacks) to enable the computing device 1600 tocommunicate with external devices. The computing device 1600 could beseparate devices, such as other computing devices, wireless accesspoints or base stations, as well as peripherals such as headsets,printers, or other devices.

Connectivity 1670 can include multiple different types of connectivity.To generalize, the computing device 1600 is illustrated with cellularconnectivity 1672 and wireless connectivity 1674. Cellular connectivity1672 refers generally to cellular network connectivity provided bywireless carriers, such as provided via GSM (global system for mobilecommunications) or variations or derivatives, CDMA (code divisionmultiple access) or variations or derivatives, TDM (time divisionmultiplexing) or variations or derivatives, or other cellular servicestandards. Wireless connectivity (or wireless interface) 1674 refers towireless connectivity that is not cellular, and can include personalarea networks (such as Bluetooth, Near Field, etc.), local area networks(such as Wi-Fi), and/or wide area networks (such as WiMax), or otherwireless communication.

Peripheral connections 1680 include hardware interfaces and connectors,as well as software components (e.g., drivers, protocol stacks) to makeperipheral connections. It will be understood that the computing device1600 could both be a peripheral device (“to” 1682) to other computingdevices, as well as have peripheral devices (“from” 1684) connected toit. The computing device 1600 commonly has a “docking” connector toconnect to other computing devices for purposes such as managing (e.g.,downloading and/or uploading, changing, synchronizing) content oncomputing device 1600. Additionally, a docking connector can allowcomputing device 1600 to connect to certain peripherals that allow thecomputing device 1600 to control content output, for example, toaudiovisual or other systems.

In addition to a proprietary docking connector or other proprietaryconnection hardware, the computing device 1600 can make peripheralconnections 1680 via common or standards-based connectors. Common typescan include a Universal Serial Bus (USB) connector (which can includeany of a number of different hardware interfaces), DisplayPort includingMiniDisplayPort (MDP), High Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI),Firewire, or other types.

Reference in the specification to “an embodiment,” “one embodiment,”“some embodiments,” or “other embodiments” means that a particularfeature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with theembodiments is included in at least some embodiments, but notnecessarily all embodiments. The various appearances of “an embodiment,”“one embodiment,” or “some embodiments” are not necessarily allreferring to the same embodiments. If the specification states acomponent, feature, structure, or characteristic “may,” “might,” or“could” be included, that particular component, feature, structure, orcharacteristic is not required to be included. If the specification orclaim refers to “a” or “an” element, that does not mean there is onlyone of the elements. If the specification or claims refer to “anadditional” element, that does not preclude there being more than one ofthe additional element.

Furthermore, the particular features, structures, functions, orcharacteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or moreembodiments. For example, a first embodiment may be combined with asecond embodiment anywhere the particular features, structures,functions, or characteristics associated with the two embodiments arenot mutually exclusive.

While the disclosure has been described in conjunction with specificembodiments thereof, many alternatives, modifications and variations ofsuch embodiments will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the artin light of the foregoing description. For example, other memoryarchitectures e.g., Dynamic RAM (DRAM) may use the embodimentsdiscussed. The embodiments of the disclosure are intended to embrace allsuch alternatives, modifications, and variations as to fall within thebroad scope of the appended claims.

In addition, well known power/ground connections to integrated circuit(IC) chips and other components may or may not be shown within thepresented figures, for simplicity of illustration and discussion, and soas not to obscure the disclosure. Further, arrangements may be shown inblock diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the disclosure, and alsoin view of the fact that specifics with respect to implementation ofsuch block diagram arrangements are highly dependent upon the platformwithin which the present disclosure is to be implemented (i.e., suchspecifics should be well within purview of one skilled in the art).Where specific details (e.g., circuits) are set forth in order todescribe example embodiments of the disclosure, it should be apparent toone skilled in the art that the disclosure can be practiced without, orwith variation of, these specific details. The description is thus to beregarded as illustrative instead of limiting.

The following examples pertain to further embodiments. Specifics in theexamples may be used anywhere in one or more embodiments. All optionalfeatures of the apparatus described herein may also be implemented withrespect to a method or process.

For example, an apparatus is provided which comprises: a first VR havinga reference input node; and a first multiplexer to provide a referencevoltage to the reference input node and operable to select one of atleast two different reference voltages as the reference voltage. In someembodiments, the first VR includes an output node to provide an output,and wherein the apparatus comprises: a second VR having an output nodeto provide an output; and a second multiplexer coupled to the outputnodes of the first and second VRs, the second multiplexer operable toselect one of outputs on the output nodes of the first and second VRs.

In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises a pin for viewing output ofthe second multiplexer. In some embodiments, the second multiplexer isan analog multiplexer comprising pass-gates. In some embodiments, thesecond multiplexer is a tri-state-able multiplexer which is operable totri-state all but one input to the second multiplexer. In someembodiments, outputs of the first and second VRs are wired-OR togetheron a common node.

In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises an input for overriding anoutput from a fuse, wherein the input is received by a third multiplexerwhich is operable to set a configuration of the first VR. In someembodiments, the apparatus comprises a FSM to provide a configurationfor the first VR. In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises a fourthmultiplexer which is operable to select one of a clock signal or anoutput of a register for a clock input of the FSM. In some embodiments,the output of the register is a transition edge. In some embodiments,the apparatus comprises logic to monitor nodes internal to the FSM.

In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises a p-type transistor coupledto an output node of the first VR and a power supply, wherein the p-typetransistor is operable to couple the power supply to an output node ofthe first VR when the first VR is disabled. In some embodiments, theapparatus comprises logic which is operable to stall a FSM of a PMU, thePMU for controlling the first VR. In some embodiments, the apparatuscomprises a first comparator and associated logic which is operable tocouple the output node of the first VR with an input node of the firstcomparator, the first comparator having an output node coupled to afourth multiplexer.

In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises a second comparator andassociated logic which is operable to couple the output node of thesecond VR with an input node of the second comparator, wherein thefourth multiplexer is operable to couple one of the output nodes of thefirst or second comparators to an output node of the fourth multiplexer.

In another example, a system is provided which comprises: a PMIC; amemory; a SoC to receive input power supply from the PMIC, wherein theSoC is coupled to the memory and comprises: a first VR having areference input node; and a first multiplexer to provide a referencevoltage to the reference input node and operable to select one of atleast two different reference voltages as the reference voltage; and awireless interface for allowing the SoC to communicate with anotherdevice. In some embodiments, the system further comprises a displayinterface for displaying content processed by the SoC. In someembodiments, the SoC comprises an apparatus according to the apparatusdescribed above.

In another example, an apparatus comprises: a first VR having an outputnode; a second VR having an output node; and a first multiplexer coupledto the output nodes of the first and second VRs, wherein the firstmultiplexer is operable to couple one of the output nodes of the firstand second VRs to an output node of the first multiplexer. In someembodiments, the apparatus further comprises a first comparator andassociated logic which is operable to couple the output node of thefirst VR with an input node of the first comparator, the firstcomparator having an output node coupled to a second multiplexer.

In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises: a secondcomparator and associated logic which is operable to couple the outputnode of the second VR with an input node of the second comparator; and afourth multiplexer which is operable to couple one of the output nodesof the first or second comparators to an output node of the fourthmultiplexer.

In another example, a system is provided which comprises a PMIC; amemory; a SoC to receive input power supply from the PMIC, the SoCcoupled to the memory, wherein the SoC comprises an apparatus accordingto the apparatus described above. In some embodiments, the systemfurther comprises a wireless interface for allowing the SoC tocommunicate with another device. In some embodiments, the system furthercomprises a display interface for displaying content processed by theSoC.

In some embodiments, a method is provided which comprises: providing areference voltage to a reference input node of a first VR; enteringdebug mode for debugging the first VR; and selecting, in response toentering debug mode, one of at least two different reference voltages asthe reference voltage. In some embodiments, the method comprises:providing an output on an output node of the first VR; providing anoutput on an output node of a second VR; and selecting one of theoutputs on the output nodes of the first and second VRs.

In some embodiments, the wherein selecting the one of the outputscomprises tri-stating all but one input to a multiplexer. In someembodiments, the method further comprises wire-ORing the outputs of thefirst and second VRs on a common node. In some embodiments, the methodfurther comprises overriding an output from a fuse to set configurationof the first VR. In some embodiments, the method further comprisesproviding a configuration for the first VR by a FSM.

In some embodiments, the method comprises selecting one of a clocksignal or an output of a register for a clock input of the FSM. In someembodiments, the output of the register is a transition edge. In someembodiments, the method comprises monitoring nodes internal to the FSM.In some embodiments, the method comprises coupling a power supply to anoutput node of the first VR when the first VR is disabled. In someembodiments, the method comprises stalling a finite state machine of aPMU, the PMU for controlling the first VR. In some embodiments, themethod comprises: selecting as output one of digital signals associatedwith the first and second VRs. In some embodiments, the methodcomprises: selecting as output one of analog signals associated with thefirst and second VRs.

In another example, an apparatus is provided which comprises: means forproviding a reference voltage to a reference input node of a first VR;means for entering debug mode for debugging the first VR; and means forselecting, in response to entering debug mode, one of at least twodifferent reference voltages as the reference voltage.

In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises: means for providing anoutput on an output node of the first VR; means for providing an outputon an output node of a second VR; and means for selecting one of theoutputs on the output nodes of the first and second VRs. In someembodiments, the means for selecting the one of the outputs comprisesmeans for tri-stating all but one input to a multiplexer. In someembodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for wire-ORing theoutputs of the first and second VRs on a common node. In someembodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for overriding anoutput from a fuse to set configuration of the first VR. In someembodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for providing aconfiguration for the first VR by a FSM. In some embodiment, theapparatus comprises means for selecting one of a clock signal or anoutput of a register for a clock input of the FSM.

In some embodiments, the output of the register is a transition edge. Insome embodiments, the apparatus comprises means for monitoring nodesinternal to the FSM. In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises meansfor coupling a power supply to an output node of the first VR when thefirst VR is disabled. In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises meansfor stalling a finite state machine of a PMU, wherein the PMU is usedfor controlling the first VR. In some embodiments, the apparatuscomprises means for selecting as output one of digital signalsassociated with the first and second VRs. In some embodiments, theapparatus comprises means for selecting as output one of analog signalsassociated with the first and second VRs.

In another example, a system is provided which comprises: a PMIC; amemory; a SoC to receive input power supply from the PMIC, the SoCcoupled to the memory and comprises an apparatus according to theapparatus described above; and a wireless interface for allowing the SoCto communicate with another device. In some embodiments, the systemfurther comprises a display interface for displaying content processedby the SoC.

An abstract is provided that will allow the reader to ascertain thenature and gist of the technical disclosure. The abstract is submittedwith the understanding that it will not be used to limit the scope ormeaning of the claims. The following claims are hereby incorporated intothe detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as aseparate embodiment.

1. (canceled)
 2. An apparatus comprising: a low dropout (LDO) regulatorhaving a reference input; and a multiplexer coupled to the LDO, whereinthe multiplexer is to selectively provide one of a plurality ofreferences to the reference input.
 3. The apparatus of claim 2, whereinthe plurality of references include: a first reference from an off-diesource; a second reference from an on-die source; and a third referencefrom a test circuit.
 4. The apparatus of claim 2 comprises a secondmultiplexer coupled to the LDO, wherein the second multiplexer is toprovide one of a plurality of controls to a comparator of the LDO. 5.The apparatus of claim 4 comprises a finite state machine to control thesecond multiplexer.
 6. The apparatus of claim 2 comprises a thirdmultiplexer coupled to an output of the LDO, wherein the thirdmultiplexer is coupled to a second LDO, and wherein the thirdmultiplexer is to selectively provide one of an output of the second LDOor the output of the LDO.
 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the thirdmultiplexer is an analog multiplexer comprising pass-gates.
 8. Theapparatus of claim 2 comprises a device coupled to a comparator of theLDO, wherein the device is to enable or disable power to the comparator.9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the device comprises a p-typedevice.
 10. The apparatus of claim 2 comprises a second device coupledto a transistor of the LDO, wherein the second device is to enable ordisable power to the transistor of the LDO.
 11. The apparatus of claim10, wherein the second device comprises a p-type device.
 12. Theapparatus of claim 2, wherein the multiplexer is an analog multiplexercomprising pass-gates.
 13. The apparatus of claim 2 comprises a thirddevice which is operable to bypass the LDO and to provide power to aload.
 14. An apparatus comprising: a plurality of regulators, each ofwhich comprises a design-for-test (DFT) circuitry; and a interfacecoupled to the plurality of regulators, wherein the interface is toprovide visibility to one or more analog signal paths associated withthe plurality of regulators.
 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein theinterface is a first interface, and wherein the apparatus comprises asecond interface coupled to the plurality of regulators, wherein thesecond interface is to provide visibility to one or more digital signalpaths associated with the plurality of regulators.
 16. The apparatus ofclaim 15, wherein the first interface is coupled to a first pin of theapparatus, and wherein the second interface is coupled to a second pinof the apparatus.
 17. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the DFTcircuitry comprises: a first multiplexer coupled to the regulator,wherein the multiplexer is to selectively provide one of a plurality ofreferences to a reference input of the regulator; a second multiplexercoupled to the regulator, wherein the second multiplexer is to provideone of a plurality of controls to a comparator of the regulator; and athird multiplexer coupled to an output of the regulator, wherein thethird multiplexer is coupled to another regulator of the plurality ofregulators, and wherein the third multiplexer is to selectively provideone of an output of the other regulator or the output of the regulatorto the interface.
 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the pluralityof references include: a first reference from an off-die source; asecond reference from an on-die source; and a third reference from atest circuit.
 19. A system comprising: a Power management integratedcircuit (PMIC); a memory; a system-on-chip (SoC) to receive input powersupply from the PMIC, the SoC coupled to the memory and comprises: aplurality of regulators, each of which comprises a design-for-test (DFT)circuitry; and a interface coupled to the plurality of regulators,wherein the interface is to provide visibility to one or more analogsignal paths associated with the plurality of regulators; and a wirelessinterface to allow the SoC to communicate with another device.
 20. Thesystem of claim 19, wherein the interface is a first interface, andwherein the SoC comprises a second interface coupled to the plurality ofregulators, wherein the second interface is to provide visibility to oneor more digital signal paths associated with the plurality ofregulators.
 21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the first interfaceis coupled to a first pin of the SoC, and wherein the second interfaceis coupled to a second pin of the SoC.